Learn About Some Important Amendments of the Constitution|SSC CGL Tier-1||
What is the latest Constitutional Amendment?
The Latest Amendment in Indian Constitution is the Constitution 105th Amendment Act 2021. It was introduced by Dr. Virendra Kumar (Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment) on 9th August 2021. The bill amends the constitution to allow states and union territories.
What is the 105th Amendment?
The 105 Amendment of Indian Constitution, 2021, also known as the Constitution (One Hundred and Fifth Amendments) Act, revived the power of the State governments to identify SEBCs or socially and educationally backward classes.
What is 106 amendment of Indian Constitution?
The Constitution (106th Amendment) Act, 2023, reserves one-third of all seats for women in Lok Sabha, State legislative assemblies, and the Legislative Assembly of the National Capital Territory of Delhi, including those reserved for SCs and STs.
भारतीय संविधान का 106 संशोधन क्या है?
संविधान (106 वां संशोधन) अधिनियम, 2023, लोकसभा, राज्य विधानसभाओं और राष्ट्रीय राजधानी क्षेत्र दिल्ली की विधानसभा में महिलाओं के लिए सभी सीटों में से एक तिहाई सीटें आरक्षित करता है, जिसमें एससी और एसटी के लिए आरक्षित सीटें भी शामिल हैं।
When was 106th Constitutional Amendment Act passed?
On 28-9-2023 the Ministry of Law and Justice notified the Constitution (One Hundred and Sixth Amendment) Act, 2023 to further amend the Constitution of India. Key Points: New clauses have been inserted in Article 239-AA that focuses on: Reservation of seats for women in Legislative Assembly of Delhi.
What is the latest amendment of the Constitution of India 2023?
330A. (1) Seats shall be reserved for women in the House of the People. (2) As nearly as may be, one-third of the total number of seats reserved under clause (2) of article 330 shall be reserved for women belonging to the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes.
What is the 104 amendment of the Constitution?
In 2019, the 104th Amendment to the Indian Constitution further extended the time limit for terminating SC and ST seats in the Lok Sabha and State Legislatures by replacing the words “70 years” with “80 years”
What is the 100 amendment in Indian Constitution?
The 100th Constitutional Amendment Act (2015) was enacted to give effect to the acquiring of certain territories by India and transfer of certain other territories to Bangladesh in pursuance of the agreement and its protocol entered into between the Governments of India and Bangladesh.
What is the 100th Amendment of the Constitution?
The 100th Amendment of the Indian Constitution passed in 2015, established the exchange of some territories between Bangladesh and India. It approved the 1974 Land Boundary Agreement (and its 2011 protocol), which resulted in the exchange of enclaves and the retention of property.
How many amendments are there in Indian Constitution in 2023?
As of September 2023, there have been 106 amendments of the Constitution of India since it was first enacted in 1950. There are three types of amendments to the Constitution of India of which second and third type of amendments are governed by Article 368.
When was 105th amendment introduced?
On 18 August 2021, the President gave his assent to the Bill, making it a law passed as the 105th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2021. The Act was published in the Gazette of India on 19 August 2021.
What is the 128th Amendment Bill?
The Constitution (One Hundred and Twenty-Eighth Amendment) Bill, 2023 was introduced in Lok Sabha on September 19, 2023. The Bill seeks to reserve one-third of the total number of seats in Lok Sabha and state legislative assemblies for women.
Is GST 101 or 122 Amendment?
In order to implement GST, Constitutional (122nd Amendment) Bill (CAB for short) was introduced in the Parliament and passed by Rajya Sabha on 03rd August, 2016 and Lok Sabha on 08th August, 2016.
What is 125th amendment Bill?
In January 2019, the Constitution (125 Amendment) Bill, 2019 was introduced. in the Rajya Sabha to amend the provisions related to the Finance Commission. and the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution. The Sixth Schedule relates to the administration of tribal areas in the states of. Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.
Who wrote our Constitution?
Dr BR Ambedkar, the chairman of its Drafting Committee, is considered the chief architect of the Indian Constitution which provides a comprehensive and dynamic framework to guide and govern the country, keeping in view her unique social, cultural and religious diversity.
When was Article 31 removed?
Right to Property was a Fundamental Right as per the Constitution of India till an amendment was done in 1978. This was the 44th amendment of the Constitution, Article 31 and Article 19(1)(f) was completely removed from the Part III – Fundamental Rights of Constitution.
Which country first introduced GST?
France was the first country in the world to implement Goods and Services Tax (GST). More than 140 countries across the globe have implemented the GST.
Which PM introduced 9th schedule?
It was inserted during the tenure of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. The first amendment added 13 laws to the Ninth Schedule.
What is the 9th schedule?
What is the Ninth Schedule? The Schedule contains a list of central and state laws which cannot be challenged in courts and was added by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951. The first Amendment added 13 laws to the Schedule.
Who is the mother of Indian Constitution?
The Mother of Indian Constitution Madam Bhikaji Cama came from an affluent Parsi Zoroastrian family. She was also known for her social work and as a child, she was disciplined with a flair for languages.
What is the 122 Amendment bill related to?
The correct answer is Goods and Services Tax. The Bill amends the Constitution to introduce the goods and services tax (GST).
What is the First Amendment bill?
About: The First Amendment was passed in 1951 by the Provisional Parliament, members of who had just finished drafting the Constitution as part of the Constitutional Assembly. The First Amendment Act amended articles 15, 19, 85, 87, 174, 176, 341, 342, 372 and 376.
Learn About Some Important Amendments of the Constitution|SSC CGL Tier-1||
||List of Important Amendments in Indian Constitution||
1st Constitutional Amendment Act , 1951 -
This amendment added Article , 15(4) and Article , 19(6) and brought changes in the right to private property in pursuance with the decision of Supreme Court concerning fundamental rights.
9th schedule to the Constitution was also added by it.
7th Constitutional Amendment Act , 1956 -
Through this amendment the implementation of State Reorganisation Act, was made possible.
The categorisation of States into Part A , Part B and Part C ceased henceforth.
Part C states were redesignated as Union Territories.
The seats in the Rajya Sabha and in the Union and State Legislatures were reallocated.
It also effected changes regarding appointment of additional and acting judges , High Courts and their jurisdictions etc.
10th Constitutional Amendment Act , 1961 -
Incorporated Dadra and Nagar Haveli as Union Territory.
12th Constitutional Amendment Act , 1962 -
Inclusion of territories of Goa , Daman and Diu into the Indian Union.
13th Constitutional Amendment Act , 1962 -
Insertion of Article 371 A to make special provisions for the administration of the State of Nagaland.
14th Constitutional Amendment Act , 1962 -
Pondicherry , Karaikal Mahe and Yenam , the former French Territories , were specified in the Constitution as the Union Territory of Pondicherry (now Puducherry).
Enabled the UTs of Himachal Pradesh , Manipur , Tripura , Goa , Daman and Diu and Pondicherry to have Legislature and council of Ministers.
15th Constitutional Amendment Act , 1963 -
It raised the age of retirement of a High Court Judge from 60 to 62.
Extended the jurisdiction of High Court to issue writs under Article 226 to a Government or authority situated outside its territorial jurisdiction where the cause of action arises within such jurisdiction.
16th Constitutional Amendment Act , 1963 -
Changes were effected in Article 19 to enable the Parliament to make laws providing reasonable restrictions on the freedom of expression in the larger interests of sovereignty and integrity of India.
Amendments were made in the form of oath contained in the 3rd Schedule with emphasis on upholding the sovereignty and integrity of India.
19th Constitutional Amendment Act , 1966 -
Article 324 was amended to clarify the duties of the Election Commission. It deprived the Election Commission of the power to appoint election tribunals for deciding election disputes of members of Parliament and State Legislatures.
21st Constitutional Amendment Act , 1967 -
Sindhi language was included as 15th regional language in the 8th schedule.
24th Constitutional Amendment Act , 1971 -
It was a retaliatory act of the Parliament to neutralise the effect of the judgement in Golak Nath Case.
It affirmed the Parliament's power to amend any part of the Constitution , including Fundamental Rights by amending Article 368 and 13.
It made obligatory for the President to give assent to Amendment Bills , when they are presented to him/her.
25th Constitutional Amendment Act , 1971 -
(came into force on 20.04.1972) :
It restricted the jurisdiction of the Courts over acquisition laws with regard to adequacy of Compensation.
This amendment came primarily in the wake of Bank Nationalization Case and the word 'amount' was substituted in place of 'compensation' in Article 31.
It also provided that no law passed by the State to give effect to Directive Principles specified under clauses (b) and (c) of Article 39 can be declared void on the ground that it was inconsistent with Fundamental Rights conferred by Article 14 , 19 and 31.
26th Constitutional Amendment Act , 1971 -
This amendment withdrew the recognition to the rulers of Princely States and their Privy purses were abolished.
30th Constitutional Amendment Act , 1972 -
It provided that only such appeals can be brought to the Supreme Court which involve a substantial question of law.
The valuation aspect of Rs 20,000 for appeals in civil cases to the Supreme Court was abolished.
31st Constitutional Amendment Act , 1973 -
By this amendment , the seats of the Lok Sabha was increased from 525 to 545 but reduced the representation of UTs in Lok Sabha from 25 to 20.
35th Constitutional Amendment Act , 1974 -
Accorded status of Associate State to Sikkim by ending its protectorate kingdom status which was a novel concept introduced in the Constitution.
36th Constitutional Amendment Act , 1975 -
Made Sikkim a full fledged State of the Union of India.
38th Constitutional Amendment Act , 1975 -
Clarified that declaration of emergency by the President and promulgation of Ordinance by the President or Governor can not be challenged in any Court on any ground.
39th Constitutional Amendment Act , 1975 -
The disputes or questions regarding elections of President , Vice-President , Prime Minister and Speaker oof Lok Sabha were taken out of the purview of judicial review of the Supreme Court or High Courts.
42nd Constitutional Amendment Act , 1976 -
(Mini Constitution) :
The 42nd Amendment made fundamental changes in the constitutional structure and it incorporated the words 'Socialist' , 'Secular' and 'Integrity' in the Preamble.
Fundamental Duties were added in Part 4A.
Directive Principles were given precedence over Fundamental Rights and any law made to this effect by the Parliament was kept beyond the scope of Judicial review by the court.
It made the power of Parliament supreme so far as amendment to the Constitution was concerned.
It authorised the Supreme Court to transfer certain cases from one High Court to another and redefined the writ jurisdiction of the High Courts.
It provided for administrative Tribunals for speedy justice.
It empowered the centre to deploy armed forces in any State to deal with the grave law and order situation.
It authorised the President to make the Proclamation of Emergency for any part of the country or to whole of India.
It made it obligatory for the President to act on the advice of the Council of Ministers.
Tanure of the Lok Sabha and the State Assemblies was increased by 1 year.
43rd Constitutional Amendment Act , 1977 -
The 43rd Amendment omitted many articles inserted by 42nd Amendment.
It restored the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and the High Courts , which had been curtailed under the 42nd Amendment.
44th Constitutional Amendment Act , 1978 -
The Amendment was brought by the Janta Party Government which repealed some of the changes effected by 42nd Amendment , omitted a few and provided alterations.
Right to property was taken away from the list of Fundamental Rights and placed in a new Article 300 A as an ordinary legal right.
Constitutionality of the Proclamation of Emergency by the President could be questioned in a court on the ground of malafide (42nd Amendment had made it immune from Judicial review).
It brought the revocation of a Proclamation under Parliamentary control.
In Article 352 regarding National Emergency , the words 'internal disturbance' were substituted by the words 'armed rebellion'.
It authorised the President to refer back the advice to the Council of Ministers for reconsideration , but made it binding for the President to act on the reconsidered advice.
The power of the Courts to decide disputes regarding election of Prime Minister and Speaker was restored.
Constitutional protection on publication of Proceedings of Parliament and State Legislatures was provided.
List of All Important Amendments in Indian Constitution |UPSC|SSC|
52nd Constitutional Amendment Act ,1985 -
This amendment was brought about during Rajiv Gandhi Regime with a view to put an end to political defections.
It added 10th schedule to the Constitution containing the modes for disqualification in case of defection from the Parliament or State Legislature.
55th Constitutional Amendment Act , 1986 -
The formation of Arunachal Pradesh took place with special powers given to the Governor.
It also provided for a 30-member State Assembly.
56th Constitutional Amendment Act , 1987 -
Goa was made a full fledged State with a State Assembly but Daman and Diu stayed as UT.
57th Constitutional Amendment Act , 1987 -
It provided for reservation of seats for Scheduled Tribes of Nagaland , Meghalaya Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh in Lok Sabha.
Seats were also reserved for the scheduled Tribes of Nagaland and Meghalaya in the State assemblies of Nagaland and Meghalaya.
58th Constitutional Amendment Act , 1987 -
An authoritative text of the Constitution in Hindi was provided to the people of India by the President.
59th Constitutional Amendment Act , 1988 -
It amended Article 356 to provide that the declaration of Emergency may remain in Operation upto 3 years and also authorised the Government to Proclaim Emergency in Punjab on ground of "internal disturbance".
The amendment made in Article 352 thus provided that the emergency with respect to Punjab shall operate only in that State.
61st Constitutional Amendment Act , 1988 -
It brought about an amendment to Article 326 for the reduction of voting age from 21 to 18 years.
62nd Constitutional Amendment Act ,1989 -
It increased the period of reservation of seats provided to the Schedule Caste and Scheduled Tribes for another 10 years i.e. upto 2000 A.D.
The reservation of for Anglo-Indians through nomination in case of their inadequate representation , was also extended up to 2000 A.D.
65th Constitutional Amendment Act , 1990 -
A National Commission for Scheduled Caste and Schedule Tribes with wide powers was provided to take care of the cause of SCs/STs.
66th Constitutional Amendment Act , 1990 -
This amendment provided for the inclusion of 55 new land Reform Acts passed by the States into the 9th schedule.
69th Constitutional Amendment Act , 1991 -
Article 239-4A and 239-4B were inserted in the Constitution to provide a National Capital Territory designation to Union Territory of Delhi with a Legislative Assembly and Council of Ministers.
70th Constitutional Amendment Act , 1992 -
Altered Article 54 and 368 to include members of Legislative Assemblies of Union Territories of Delhi and Pondicherry in the electoral college for the election of the President.
71st Constitutional Amendment Act , 1992 -
It included Manipuri , Konkani and Nepalese languages in the 8th Schedule.
73rd Constitutional Amendment Act , 1992 -
The institution of Panchayati Raj received Constitutional guarantee , status and legitimacy.
11th Schedule was added to deal with it.
It also inserted Part 9th , containing Article 243 , 243A to 243O.
74th Constitutional Amendment Act , 1992 -
Provided for Constitutional sanctity to Municipalities by inserting Part 9-A containing Article 243P to 243ZG and the 12th Schedule which deals with the items concerning Municipalities.
77th Constitutional Amendment Act , 1995 -
By this Amendment a new clause 4A was added to Article 16 which authorised the State to make provisions for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes with regard to promotions in Government jobs.
78th Constitutional Amendment Act , 1995 -
This amended the 9th Schedule of the Constitution to insert 27 Land Reform Acts of various States.
After this the total number of Acts included in the 9th Schedule went upto 284.
79th Constitutional Amendment Act , 1999 - Amended Article 334 to extend the reservation of seats for SCs/STs and Anglo-Indians in the Lok Sabha and in the State Legislative Assemblies upto 60 years from the commencement of the Constitution (i.e. , till 2010).
80th Constitutional Amendment Act , 2000 -
Amended Article 269 and substituted a new Article for Article 270 and abolished Article 272 of the Constitution.
This was based on the recommendation of the 10th Finance Commission.
This Amendment was deemed to have come into operation from 1st April 1996.
The Amendment widened the scope of the Central taxes and duties on the consignment of goods levied by the Government of India and distributed among States.
81st Constitutional Amendment Act , 2000 -
Amended Article 16(1) of the Constitution and added a new clause (4-B) after clause (4-A) to Article 16(1) of the Constitution.
The new clause (4-B) ends the 50% ceiling on reservation for Scheduled Caste and Schedule Tribes and other Backward Classes in backlog vacancies.
82nd Constitutional Amendment Act , 2000 -
This Amendment restored the relaxation in qualifying marks and standards of evaluation in both job reservation and promotions to Schedule Castes and Schedule Tribes which was set aside by a Supreme Court's Judgement in 1996.
Ans
84th Constitutional Amendment Act , 2001 -
This Amendment provided that till the publication of the relevant figures of the first census after 2026 the ascertainment of the population of a State for following purposes shall be made on the basis of the census shown against each of them :
∆ Election of the President under Article 55 - 1971 census.
∆ Allotment of seats to each State in Lok Sabha -- 1971 census.
∆ Division of State into territorial Lok Sabha Constituencies -- 1991 census.
∆ Composition of Legislative Assemblies under Article 170 --1991 census.
∆ Reservation of seats for SC/ST in the Lok Sabha under Article 330 -- 1991 census.
85th Constitutional Amendment Act , 2001 -
It amended clause (4-A) Article 16 and substituted the words "in matters of promotion , with consequential seniority , to any class" for the words "in matter of promotion to any class".
The Amendment provided for 'consequential seniority' to the SCs/STs for promotion in Government Services.
86th Constitutional Amendment Act , 2002 -
Added a new Article 21A after Article 21 which makes the right of education for children of the age of 6 to 14 years a Fundamental Right.
Substitutes Article 45 to direct the State to endeavour to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of 6 years.
Added a new Fundamental Duty to Part 4 (Article 51A) of the Constitution.
87th Constitutional Amendment Act , 2003 -
Provided that the allocation of seeds in the Lok Sabha and division of each State into territorial Constituencies will be done on the basis of population as ascertained by the '2001 census' and not by '1991 census'.
88th Constitutional Amendment Act , 2003 -
This amendment inserted a new Article 268A after Article 268 which in power the Union of India to Levy 'service tax'.
This tax Selvi collected and appropriated by the Union and States in the manner as formulated by Parliament.
89th Constitutional Amendment Act , 2003 -
Provided for this establishment of a separate National Commission for Scheduled Tribes by bifurcating the existing National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
The Commission shall consist of a chairman Vice-Chairman and three other members.
They shall be appointed by the President of India.
90th Constitutional Amendment Act , 2003 -
This amendment was necessitated due to creation of Bodoland Territorial Areas District within the State of Assam by agreement reached between the Centre and Bodo representative for solving Bodoland problem.
It stated that the representation of Scheduled Tribes and non Scheduled Tribes in the constitution of the Bodoland Territorial Areas District shall be maintained.
It meant that the Representation of the above categories Shall remain the same as existed prior to the creation of Bodoland Territorial Areas District.
91st Constitutional Amendment Act , 2003 -
This amendment limits the size of Ministries at the Ventre and in States.
According to new Clause (1-A) the total number of Ministers , including the Prime Minister in the Union Council of Ministers or Chief Minister in the State Legislative Assemblies shall not exceed 15% of the total members of the Lok Sabha in the Centre or Vidhan Sabha in the States.
The new Clause (1-B) of article 75 provides that a member of either House of Parliament belonging to any political party who is disqualified for being member of that house on the ground of defection shall also be disqualified to be appointed as a Minister under clause (1) of Article 75 and 164 until he is again elected.
However , the number of Ministers , including the Chief Minister in a State shall not be less than 12 (in smaller size like Sikkim , Mizoram and Goa).
92nd Constitutional Amendment Act , 2003 -
It amended the 8th Schedule of the Constitution and has insulted 4 new languages in it , namely -- Bodo , Dogri , Maithili and Santhali.
After this amendment the total number of constitutionally recognised official languages has become 22.
93rd Constitutional Amendment Act , 2005 -
Provided reservation in admissions in private unaided educational institutions for students belonging to schedule caste/tribes and other backward classes.
94th Constitutional Amendment Act , 2006 -
Excluded Bihar from the provision to clause (1) of Articles 164 of the Constitution which provides that their shall be a Minister in charge of tribal welfare who may in addition be in charge of the Welfare of the Scheduled Caste and backward classes in Bihar , Madhya Pradesh and Odisha.
It extends the provisions of clause (1) of Article 164 to the newly formed States of Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand.
95th Constitutional Amendment Act , 2009 -
Extended the reservation of seeds for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha and and State Assemblies by another 10 years (beyond January 25 ,2010).
The time period of 60 years under Article 334 of the Constitution was to lapse on January 25 ,2010.
Through this amendment in Article 334 the words "60 years" has been substituted by "70 years".
96th Constitutional Amendment Act , 2011 -
Substituted the word 'Oriya' by the word 'Odia' in the entry 15 in the 8th Schedule.
97th Constitutional Amendment Act , 2011 -
Amendment of Article 19 [In Part - 3 , in Article 19 , in clause (l) , in sub clause (c) , after the words 'or Unions' , the words 'or co-operative societies' shall be inserted].
Insertion of new Article 43B in Part 4 (" 43B. The state shall endeavour to promote voluntary formation , autonomous functioning , democratic control and professional management of co-operative societies").
98th Constitutional Amendment Act , 2012 -
Insertion of Article 371J [Special provisions with respect to State of Karnataka].
Important Amendments in Indian Constitution for SSC
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